Genes

First a fall very few people know about genes and there importance. What exactly genes are?

GENES, in a very simple language, the one which transfers the trait or characteristics from the parents to their offspring (for example: hair color, height, eye color etc.).

HOW DOES THAT HAPPEN?

• Genes are the sequence of the nucleotide of DNA or RNA which encodes for either RNA or PROTEIN. Like p53 genes code for p53 protein.

NOW WHERE ARE GENE LOCATED?

It is very interesting to know that genes are located on some areas of chromosome. Which are transferred from the parents.

CHROMOSOMES, what are they? and from where does they come from?

Chromosomes are condensed form of chromatin material which are present inside the nucleus of the cell.

Chromatin material are the combination of DNA and histone protein which are located inside the nucleus of the cell, which contains the genetic material. These materials condenses and forms chromosomes during cell division.

Structure of DNA and genes

DNA stands for Deoxyribo nucleic acid and they are negatively charged particles. This is molecule, that codes the protein used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses.

Histone Proteins are present with DNA inside the nucleus of the cell. As DNA is very long, so in order to pack them, histone protein is needed. Histone proteins are positively charged molecules and are wrapped around DNA, as the DNA are negatively charged and the structure together forming is known as nucleosome.

   Structure of nucleosome

Not only traits or characteristics but diseases are also transferred or passed on from parent to offspring.  And these diseases or syndromes do not have cure for the rest of the life.

These diseases or disorders can occur due to mutations in the DNA strand or during the cell divisions.